Pyridylalkylenethiopridyl, -tetrahydropyridyl and -pyridinium compounds

ABSTRACT

The invention provides a compound of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Y is a heterocyclic radical of formula ##STR2## wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R 1  is hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, hydroxyloweralkyl, loweralkoxyloweralkyl, loweralkoxy, halogen, formyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, halophenyl, or acetal [CH(OR 4 ) 2  where R 4  is lower alkyl or two R 4  radicals are joined to form a lower alkylene chain], m is 1 or 2, the dotted lines in formula V represent an optional double bond in one of the indicated positions, A is a saturated or unsaturated alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, S is sulphur and R 3  is lower alkyl, phenyl or aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms and Z -  is an anion, and acid addition salts thereof, with the provisos that (1) when more than one R 1  radical is present in the molecule then the R 1  radicals may be the same or different and (2) A is linked to the 2 or 3 position of the pyridine ring. 
     The compounds are useful as anti-ulcer or anti-secretory agents. Methods of treating ulcers and anti-ulcer compositions are described.

This application is a continuation-in-part of our co-pending application Ser. No. 217925 filed Dec. 18, 1980, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,343,805, which in turn is a continuation of our application Ser. No. 98,421 filed Nov. 29, 1979 and now abandoned.

The invention relates to novel pyridylalkylenethiopyridyl, -tetrahydropyridyl and -pyridinium compounds which have anti-ulcer, anti-secretory, and/or anti-hypertensive activity.

During the course of our search for novel anti-ulcer agents we have found that certain novel compounds which have two particular heterocyclic rings (identified below) linked by an alkylene chain containing a sulphur atom, possess anti-ulcer and/or anti-secretory activity. Some of the compounds also have anti-hypertensive activity.

German Offenlegungsschrift No. 2,504,252 discloses a wide range of heterocyclic compounds which are said to either inhibit or stimulate gastric secretion. The compounds of our invention are distinguished from those of this German publication by having different combinations of heterocyclic radicals.

According to the present invention, in one aspect, there is provided a compound of the formula I ##STR3## wherein Y is a heterocyclic radical of formula ##STR4## wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R¹ is hydrogen, hydroxy, lower alkyl, hydroxyloweralkyl, loweralkoxyloweralkyl, loweralkoxy, halogen, formyl, phenyl, phenylalkyl, halophenyl or acetal [CH(OR⁴)₂ where R⁴ is lower alkyl or two R⁴ radicals are joined to form a lower alkylene chain], m is 1 or 2, the dotted lines in formula V represent an optional double bond in one of the indicated positions, A is a saturated or unsaturated alkylene radical having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, S is sulphur and R³ is lower alkyl, phenyl or aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms and Z⁻ is an anion, and acid addition salts thereof, with the provisos that (1) when more than one R¹ radical is present in the molecule then the R¹ radicals may be the same or different and (2) A is linked to the 2 or 3 position of the pyridine ring.

Preferably Y is a radical of formula (VII).

The radical A is preferably a saturated or unsaturated alkylene radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted. A may be methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, or hexylene. Alternatively A may be unsaturated containing at least one double bond e.g. --CH═CHCH₂ --. A radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms are preferred, especially --CH₂ --.

The anion Z⁻ is preferably halide, namely fluoride, bromide, chloride or ioide or loweralkyl-, aryl- or aralkylsulphonate, e.g. methyl sulphonate (mesyl) or p-toluene sulphonate (tosyl).

In this specification when a group is substituted by alkyl, this is preferably lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl. An alkoxy substituent is preferably lower alkoxy in which the alkyl portion is as defined for a lower alkyl group. Whenever the term lower alkyl is used as part of another radical e.g. arylloweralkyl, the lower alkyl portion has 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

The acid addition salts of compounds of formula I may be of an organic or inorganic acid e.g. hydrochloric, hydrobromic, phosphoric, sulphuric, nitric, citric, acetic, formic, fumaric, maleic, tartaric, embonic, methane sulphonic and p-toluene sulphonic acids.

The invention includes a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I as defined above or an acid addition salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

For the pharmaceutical carrier any suitable carrier known in the art can be used to prepare the pharmaceutical compositions. In such a composition, the carrier may be a solid, liquid, or mixture of a solid and a liquid. Solid form compositions include powders, tablets and capsules. A solid carrier can be one or more substances which may also act as flavouring agents, lubricants, solubilisers suspending agents, binders, or tablet-disintegrating agents; it can also be an encapsulating material. In powders the carrier is a finely divided solid which is in admixture with the finely divided active ingredient. In tablets the active ingredient is mixed with a carrier having the necessary binding properties in suitable proportions and compacted in the shape and size desired. The powders and tablets preferably contain form 5 to 99, preferably 10-80% of the active ingredient. Suitable solid carriers are magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, talc, sugar, lactose, pectin, destrin, starch, gelatin, tragacanth, methyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a low melting wax and cocoa butter. The term "composition" is intended to include the formulation of an active ingredient with encapsulating material as carrier, to give a capsule in which the active ingredient (with or without other carriers) is surrounded by carriers, which is thus in association with it. Similarly cachets are included.

Sterile liquid form compositions include sterile solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups and elixirs. The active ingredient can be dissolved or suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, such as sterile water, sterile organic solvent or a mixture of both. The active ingredient can often be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent, for instance aqueous propylene glycol containing from 10 to 75% of the glycol by weight is generally suitable. In other instances compositions can be made by dispersing the finely-divided active ingredient in aqueous starch or sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, or in a suitable oil, for instance arachis oil.

Preferably the pharmaceutical composition is in unit dosage form, the composition is sub-divided in unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active ingredient; the unit dosage form can be a packaged composition, the package containing specific quantities of compositions, for example packeted powders or vials or ampoules. The unit dosage form can be a capsule, cachet or table itself, or it can be the appropriate number of any of these in packaged form. The quantity of active ingredient in a unit dose of composition may be varied or adjusted from 10 to 500 mg or more e.g. 25 mg to 250 mg, according to the particular need and the activity of the active ingredient. The invention also includes the compounds in the absence of carrier where the compounds are in unit dosage form.

The anti-ulcer compositions of the invention will be administered orally in either liquid or solid composition form. These compositions may include one or more antacid ingredients e.g. aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or bismuth carbonate, aluminium glycinate, calcium carbonate, magnesium trisilicate, sodium bicarbonate or the alumina gel described in British Spec. No. 1,284,394. Anti-ulcer activity was determined by the stress-induced erosion test of Senay & Levine, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 124, 1221-3(1967) and anti-secretory activity by the test of H Shay, D Sun and H Gruenstein, Gastroenterology, 1954, 26, 903-13 as exemplified by Beattie et al J.Med. Chem., 20, 714 (1977). Compounds which possess one or both these activities are considered to be anti-ulcer agents which can be used for the treatment of ulcers or hypersecretion in mammals. Nearly all compounds of formula I which we have tested possess one or both of the above activities. However, some compounds show activity in tests for antihypertensive activity.

In another aspect the invention provides as an anti-ulcer agent a compound of formula I or an acid addition salt thereof as defined above.

The compounds may be prepared by methods known for analogous compounds. The invention includes methods of preparing the novel compounds of the invention. For example a particularly useful method according to the invention comprises reacting a compound of formula VIII ##STR5## where A, R¹ and m are as defined above and Hal is a halogen atom, with a thiol compound of formula

    Y--SH

where Y is as defined above or an alkali-metal derivative (where possible) of said thiol compound except when Y is VII. The thiol compound may be in the form of a tautomeric thione in suitable cases.

The invention includes a method of preparing novel compounds of formula I wherein Y is a radical of formula VII and R³ is alkyl or aralkyl which method comprises reacting a corresponding compound of formula I wherein Y is a radical of formula III, with an alkylating or aralkylating agent containing the groups R³ and Z, e.g. with an alkyl or aralkyl halide or a lower alkyl or aralkyl ester of an organic sulphonic acid such as a loweralkyl-, aralkyl- or aryl-sulphonic acid.

A compound I in which Z⁻ is one particular anion may be converted to another in which Z⁻ is a different anion by anion exchange, e.g. chloride may be exchanged for iodide by reaction of a chloride of formula I with sodium iodide in ethanol or other suitable solvent.

The following examples illustrate the invention:

EXAMPLE 1 1-Methyl-2((2-pyridyl)methylthio)pyridinium chloride

1-methyl-2-pyridothione (1.1 g) was added to a solution of 2-chloromethylpyridine, hydrochloride (1.28 g) in acetonitrile (10 ml). The solution was warmed 10 minutes on a steam bath and allowed to crystallise. The crystals were removed by filtration, washed with ether and dried to give the title compound as the hydrochloride salt (2.0 g) mp 190° C. decomp. (Found: C, 49.4; H, 4.8; N, 9.4 C₁₂ H₁₃ N₂ SC1.HC1 requires C, 49.8; H, 4.9; N, 9.7%).

EXAMPLE 2 1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridylmethylthio)pyridinium chloride

A solution of 1-methyl-2-pyridothione (1.25 g) and 3-chloromethylpyridine, hydrochloride (1.66 g) in ethanol (10 ml) was heated under reflux for 5 hours. The product was induced to crystallise by scratching, removed by filtration, washed with ether and dried to give the title compound as the hydrochloride salt (2.2 g) mp 210°-2° C. (Found: C, 44.9; H, 5.2; N, 9.6. C₁₂ H₁₃ ClN₂ S.HCl requires C, 49.8; H, 4.9; N, 9.7%).

EXAMPLE 3

Using the method of example 1, 2-chloromethylpyridine is reacted with the following pyridothiones to give the product indicated:

    ______________________________________                                         Pyridothione      Product                                                      ______________________________________                                         a   13-hydroxymethyl-1-phenyl-                                                                       1-phenyl-3-hydroxymethyl-2-                                  2-pyridothione    ((2-pyridyl)methylthio)                                                        pyridinium chloride                                      b   3-hydroxy-2-pyridothione                                                                         3-hydroxy-2-((2-pyridyl)                                                       methylthio)pyridine                                      c   1,4-dimethyl-2-   2-((2-pyridyl)methylthio)-                                   pyridothione      1,4-dimethylpyridinium                                                         chloride                                                 d   3-(2-phenylethyl)-2-                                                                             3-(2-phenylethyl)-2-((2-                                     pyridothione      pyridyl)methylthio)pyridine                              e   3-phenyl-2-pyridothione                                                                          3-phenyl-2-((2-pyridyl)                                                        methylthio)pyridine                                      f   5-chloro-2-pyridothione                                                                          5-chloro-2-((2-pyridyl)                                                        methylthio)pyridine                                      g   3-formyl-1-methyl-2-                                                                             3-formyl-1-methyl-2-((                                       pyridothione      (2-pyridyl)methyl)thio)                                                        pyridinium chloride                                      h   3-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-                                                                        3-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-2-                                  2-pyridothione    (((2-pyridyl)methyl)thio)                                                      pyridinium chloride                                      i   3-diethoxymethyl-1-methyl-                                                                       3-diethoxymethyl-1-methyl-                                   2-pyridothione    2-(((2-pyridyl)methyl)thio)                                                    pyridinium chloride                                      ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 4

Using the method of example 1, 1-methyl-2-pyridothione is reacted with the following starting materials to give the product indicated:

    ______________________________________                                         Starting Material Product                                                      ______________________________________                                         a     2-chloromethyl-6-                                                                              2-((2-(6-methyl)pyridyl)                                       methylpyridine  methylthio)-1-methyl-                                                          pyridinium chloride                                      b     2-bromomethyl-6-                                                                               2-(2-(6-chloro)pyridyl)                                        chloropyridine  methylthio)-1-methylpyri-                                                      dinium bromide                                           c     2-chloromethyl-4-(-4-                                                                          2-((2-(4-(4-chlorophenyl))                                     chlorophenyl)pyridine                                                                          pyridyl)methylthio)-1-                                                         methylpyridinium                                         ______________________________________                                    

    ______________________________________                                         Pharmacological Test Results                                                   Compound                                                                       [Product of                                                                              Stress-induced erosion                                                                         Anti-secretory                                       Example No.]                                                                             (Senay & Levine)                                                                               (Shay et al)                                                 Dose              Dose    % change                                             mg/kg % inhibition                                                                               mg/kg   in volume                                    ______________________________________                                         1         100     50          30    -31                                        2         100     58          30    -55                                        ______________________________________                                    

Antihypertensive Activity

Some compounds of the invention were tested for antihypertensive activity by the following procedures.

Procedure A

Systolic pressure of male spontaneously hypertensive rats is measured by an indirect technique using the Decker Caudal Plethylsmograph or other appropriate sensor. Groups usually consist of 4 rats. Drugs are usually administered orally. Pressures are usually read prior to drug administration and at 1.5, 4 and 24 hours thereafter. This schedule may be altered depending upon the behavior of the drug.

Compounds of the following examples showed activity in this test at the dose stated. 75 mg/kg orally; Example 2.

Procedure B

Female rats are rendered hypertensive by unilateral nephrectomy and the s.c. implantation of a pellet containing 30 mg of deoxycorticosterone acetate. The drinking water is replaced by normal saline ad lib for the first four weeks following preparation. Blood pressures stabilise at a hypertensive level after 6 weeks. Systolic pressure is measured indirectly before dosing with a test compound using an E and M pneumatic pulse transducer and a Devices MX2 recorder. Groups of 4 rats are dosed orally with suspensions or solutions of the test compound in 0.5% hydroxypropyl-methyl-cellulose 0.9% saline vehicle. Blood pressures are recorded again at 2, 6 and 24 hours and the results, expressed as a percentage of the pre-dose values compared with those of a similar group of rats receiving vehicle alone.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

The following examples illustrate the preparation of unit dosage form of pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention.

EXAMPLE A

    ______________________________________                                         Antacid Tablet (chewable)                                                      ______________________________________                                         Saccharin                1.0     mg                                            Hydrated alumina sucrose powder                                                                         750.0   mg                                            1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridylmethylthio)pyridinium                                                              100.0   mg                                            chloride                                                                       Mannitol B.P.            170.0   mg                                            Maize starch B.P. dried  30.0    mg                                            Talc. purified B.P.      28.0    mg                                            Magnesium stearate B.P.  20.0    mg                                            Peppermint Oil B.P.      1.0     mg                                                                     1100.0  mg                                            ______________________________________                                    

Antacid tablets of the above formulation are prepared by the following procedure. Triturate peppermint oil with talc (screen 40 mesh). Add the triturate, and other ingredients to a blender and mix thoroughly. Slug the powder to large hard slugs. Granulate the slugs through a 14 mesh screen. Compress the granules on a suitable compression machine to give tablets of the required size.

EXAMPLE B

    ______________________________________                                         Anti-ulcer tablet (without antacid)                                                                     mg/tablet                                             ______________________________________                                         1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridylmethylthio)-                                                                       100.0   mg                                            pyridinium chloride                                                            Celutab                  147.5   mg                                            Mg. Stearate             2.5     mg                                                                     250.0   mg                                            ______________________________________                                    

The tablets are prepared by the following method. Blend the ingredients in a suitable blender. Compress the blended ingredients on a suitable compression machine to form tablets of the above composition. Celutab is a commercial product comprising 90-2% dextrose, 3-5% maltose, the remainder being higher glucose saccharides. The product is spray crystallised.

The invention includes a method for the treatment of ulcers or hypersecretion in mammals which method comprises administering to said mammal an effective amount of an anti-ulcer agent of formula I as defined above. The amount of compound used will depend on the needs of the mammal being treated and the activity of the compound. Doses may range from 1 to 100 mg/kg. 

We claim:
 1. A compound of the formula ##STR6## wherein the R¹ groups are, independently, hydrogen, hydroxy, loweralkyl, hydroxyloweralkyl, halogen, formyl, phenyl, phenylethyl, halophenyl or CH(OR⁴)₂ where R⁴ is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or two R⁴ radicals are joined to form a loweralkylene chain; A is a saturated alkylene radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, which may be substituted by lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; S is sulfur; R³ is loweralkyl, phenyl or benzyl; and Z is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof with a proviso that A is linked to the 2 or 3 position of the pyridine ring.
 2. A compound as claimed in claim 1 when A is CH₂.
 3. A compound as claimed in claim 1, which is 1-methyl-2((2-pyridyl)methylthio)pyridinium chloride.
 4. A compound as claimed in claim 1, which is 1-methyl-2-(3-pyridylmethylthio)pyridinium chloride.
 5. An anti-ulcer composition comprising a compound as claimed in claim 1, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 6. An anti-ulcer composition as claimed in claim 5, in unit dosage form.
 7. A method of treating ulcers or hypersecretion in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal in need of said treatment an effective anti-ulcer amount of a compound of formula I as defined in claim
 1. 8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the anti-ulcer agent used is 1-methyl-2((2-pyridyl)methylthio)pyridinium chloride.
 9. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the anti-ulcer agent used is 1-methyl-2(3-pyridylmethylthio)pyridinium chloride. 